官方資源
官網(https://www.raspberrypi.org/), 權威文件，HELP頁面下拉DOCUMENTATION。
GitHub(https://github.com/raspberrypi，較新，資料齊全。
RPi Hub(http://elinux.org/RPi_Hub，較舊，但可查到一些週邊已被網友測過支援性的型號。
安裝
Linux環境操作方式，參考以下連結：
http://qdosmsq.dunbar-it.co.uk/blog/2013/06/noobs-for-raspberry-pi/
- download NOOBS
- fdisk slplit sdcard(if need)
- mkfs.fat format sdcard
- unzip to sdcard
系統更新
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
vim順便裝起來
sudo apt-get install vim
操作實例
1) fdisk
未插入SD Card
handy@handy-dell ~ $ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 240.1 GB, 240057409536 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 29185 cylinders, total 468862128 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0f6535bd
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda2 1026048 264060927 131517440 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda3 264060928 293357567 14648320 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 293359614 468860927 87750657 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 293359616 324607999 15624192 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6 324610048 468860927 72125440 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders, total 1465149168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x9af12796
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 63 80324 40131 de Dell Utility
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
/dev/sdb2 * 81920 25563135 12740608 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sdb3 25563136 654713009 314574937 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sdb4 654714880 1465141247 405213184 f W95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/sdb5 654716928 1465141247 405212160 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
已插入SD Card
handy@handy-dell ~ $ sudo fdisk -l
[sudo] password for handy:
Disk /dev/sda: 240.1 GB, 240057409536 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 29185 cylinders, total 468862128 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0f6535bd
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda2 1026048 264060927 131517440 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda3 264060928 293357567 14648320 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 293359614 468860927 87750657 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 293359616 324607999 15624192 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6 324610048 468860927 72125440 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders, total 1465149168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x9af12796
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 63 80324 40131 de Dell Utility
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
/dev/sdb2 * 81920 25563135 12740608 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sdb3 25563136 654713009 314574937 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sdb4 654714880 1465141247 405213184 f W95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/sdb5 654716928 1465141247 405212160 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
Disk /dev/sdc: 8068 MB, 8068792320 bytes
249 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1020 cylinders, total 15759360 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x792515cc
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 2474609 1236281 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sdc2 2474610 15759359 6642375 5 Extended
/dev/sdc5 2482176 2547709 32767 83 Linux
/dev/sdc6 2547712 2682879 67584 e W95 FAT16 (LBA)
/dev/sdc7 2686976 15759359 6536192 83 Linux
兩相比較，多了 /dev/sdc(本例使用SD卡經USB讀卡機接PC，若SD卡直插PC卡槽，應被PC認為mmcblk0之類的名稱)
多了以下這一段描述
Disk /dev/sdc: 8068 MB, 8068792320 bytes
下略...
技巧：用grep濾一下，會清楚許多
handy@handy-dell ~ $ sudo fdisk -l | grep Disk
Disk /dev/sda: 240.1 GB, 240057409536 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0f6535bd
Disk /dev/sdb: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x9af12796
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 15.9 GB, 15931539456 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
找到目標後，接下來動手將/dev/sdc做fdisk，進入fdisk後，使用m指令叫出功能列表
handy@handy-dell ~ $ sudo fdisk /dev/sdc
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
幾個會用到的操作為d(刪除)，p(看分割表)，n(新增)
經查分割表，有兩大塊，分別是主要的FAT32與延伸分割，把這兩塊刪除，則整塊SD卡就清了。
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 8068 MB, 8068792320 bytes
249 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1020 cylinders, total 15759360 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x792515cc
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 2474609 1236281 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sdc2 2474610 15759359 6642375 5 Extended
/dev/sdc5 2482176 2547709 32767 83 Linux
/dev/sdc6 2547712 2682879 67584 e W95 FAT16 (LBA)
/dev/sdc7 2686976 15759359 6536192 83 Linux
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-7): 1
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 8068 MB, 8068792320 bytes
249 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1020 cylinders, total 15759360 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x792515cc
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc2 2474610 15759359 6642375 5 Extended
/dev/sdc5 2482176 2547709 32767 83 Linux
/dev/sdc6 2547712 2682879 67584 e W95 FAT16 (LBA)
/dev/sdc7 2686976 15759359 6536192 83 Linux
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-7): 2
清乾淨的效果
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 8068 MB, 8068792320 bytes
249 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1020 cylinders, total 15759360 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x792515cc
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
破壞之後就是建設，建立新的主分割區，啟始/結束磁區沒有特別想法，用預設值
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
Using default value 1
First sector (2048-15759359, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-15759359, default 15759359):
Using default value 15759359
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 8068 MB, 8068792320 bytes
249 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1020 cylinders, total 15759360 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x792515cc
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 15759359 7878656 83 Linux
已成功建立分割區，但注意最後一行的System欄位為Linux，而樹莓需要的是FAT32的類型(？)
總之，使用t指令變更type
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): l
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix
Hex code (type L to list codes): b
Changed system type of partition 1 to b (W95 FAT32)
變更type為 b W95 FAT32 ，再確認一下分割區，果然已變W95 FAT32了
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 8068 MB, 8068792320 bytes
249 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1020 cylinders, total 15759360 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x792515cc
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 15759359 7878656 b W95 FAT32
最終，將所做變更寫入到SD卡
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
WARNING: If you have created or modified any DOS 6.x
partitions, please see the fdisk manual page for additional
information.
Syncing disks.
handy@handy-dell ~ $
2) 格式化SD卡(要sudo，要 -I ?)
handy@handy-dell ~ $ sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sdc
mkfs.fat 3.0.26 (2014-03-07)
mkfs.vfat: Device partition expected, not making filesystem on entire device '/dev/sdc' (use -I to override)
handy@handy-dell ~ $ sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sdc -I
mkfs.fat 3.0.26 (2014-03-07)
某些情況下mkfs會抱怨操作權限不足，用-I參數做強制寫入。
若有無法掛載的情況，試一下重開機。或許會好。(linux mint 發生過的實例)
Linux handy-dell 3.19.0-32-generic #37~14.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Oct 22 09:41:40 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
3) 下載官方NOOBS映像並解壓縮寫入SD卡
官網下載NOOBS後，算一下checksum，並比對官網提供的checksum，確認是同一個檔案
handy@handy-dell ~/Downloads $ shasum NOOBS_v2_1_0.zip
c4eb9a8f1442bfa1eb8e357cb78980b3442afa87 NOOBS_v2_1_0.zip
找到SD卡掛載點(或是手動掛上？)若無法掛載，則確認格式化是否成功？
handy@handy-dell ~ $ mount | grep sdc
/dev/sdc on /media/handy/A917-2B7E type vfat (rw,nosuid,nodev,uid=1000,gid=1000,shortname=mixed,dmask=0077,utf8=1,showexec,flush,uhelper=udisks2)
使用unzip將NOOBS解壓縮並寫入SD卡。(注意unzip指令預設解壓縮到當前目錄，無需點號)
handy@handy-dell /media/handy/A917-2B7E $ unzip ~/Downloads/NOOBS_v2_1_0.zip
Archive: /home/handy/Downloads/NOOBS_v2_1_0.zip
inflating: recovery.elf
inflating: recovery.rfs
inflating: bootcode.bin
...下略
SD卡製作完成，將SD卡插入樹莓並上電跑安裝。
註：2017-03-02 SD卡插上樹莓後，樹莓認定未妥善格式化，樹莓幫格式化後，提示將SD卡回PC端重新放入NOOBS，再到樹莓重跑安裝程序後OK。
註：2017-04-24 嘗試安裝NOOBS_V2_4_0.zip無法安裝，樹莓3啟動畫面指示無法找到NOOBS檔案，而後將SD卡放回PC檢查，發現檔案已被移除。改安裝NOOBS_V2_2_0.zip後，可安裝。